INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study were to measure state anxiety levels of individuals in an acute grief period following the death of a close relative, and to evaluate the effects of degree of closeness and gender on grief reactions.
METHODS: The study was conducted in condolence houses in Diyarbakir, Turkey with participants in mourning due to kinship with the deceased. One hundred twenty-two participants (49 females, 73 males) were included in the study. Fifty-four individuals (27 females, 27 males) who were not relatives of the deceased were included in the control group. After informing the participants about the study and obtaining their consent, all participants were asked to complete a survey with a sociodemographic data form, state anxiety inventory (SAI), and a list of possible behavioural reactions.
RESULTS: Acute grief experience was more severe and SAI scores were higher in first-degree relatives. When the loss was sudden, the mean SAI score was 51.8±8.9 and when it was an anticipated death, the mean SAI score was 45.8±11.4 (p<0.001). Grief symptoms were more severe in females compared to males (p<0.001). Psychophysiological reactions of the deceased’s relatives were observed to be more severe than the control group.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As the degree of closeness increases, and when the death is unexpected and sudden, individuals appear to be affected more, and have higher levels of anxiety. Females are affected by the grief process more than males.

INTRODUCTION: Premature Ejaculation is the most common sexual dysfunction in men. Although the pathophysiology has not been clarified yet, psychological factors have been studied frequently. It may be useful to investigate the temperament and character characteristics of the patients in understanding the premature ejaculation, which has both biological and psychological dimensions. Neuroticism and harm avoidance dimensions are found to be associated with sexual dysfunction. In this study, temperament, character, sexual satisfaction, anxiety and depression levels of lifelong and acquired premature ejaculation patients are investigated.
METHODS: Forty patients diagnosed with premature ejaculation and 40 controls were included in the study. The patient group was divided into two groups as lifelong (n= 20) and acquired (n= 20) subtypes. Sociodemographic data form, Temperament and Character Inventory, Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale are applied.
RESULTS: Premature ejaculation patients had lower sexual satisfaction scores and higher fatigability sub-dimension scores of harm avoidance, comparing to the control group (p< 0.05),
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Harm avoidance as a temperament feature, is associated with neurotransmitter structures, is a prominent parameter in sexual dysfunctions. Larger sampling and longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the relationship between sexual dysfunctions and harm avoidance.

INTRODUCTION: Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) is an altered type of albumin produced due to exposure to hypoxia, acidosis, inflammation, or oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the serum IMA levels in newly diagnosed and medication-naive generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD) patients.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included medication-naive 23 GAD, 25 PD patients, and 28 healthy controls. The participants were evaluated with a sociodemographic form, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Venous blood samples were collected from all participants, and IMA levels and routine biochemical parameters were measured.
RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between three groups in terms of age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and routine biochemical markers of the participants (p>0.05). The GAD and PD groups had significantly higher serum IMA levels than healthy controls (p<0.01), whereas there was no statistically significant difference in IMA levels between GAD and PD groups (p=0.994). Additionally, correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between IMA levels with BDI and BAI scores (r=0.449 and r=0.632, respectively, p<0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Higher IMA levels in patients with GAD and PD may indicate metabolic stress on these patients. Anxiety disorders may tend to various biochemical disturbances, and IMA could be an important new marker that indicates global metabolic risk in such patients. This research is the first study that evaluates IMA levels in anxiety disorders.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to determine self-perceived competency levels and perspectives of primary care physicians on psychiatry related basic practical skills that are in Turkish National Core Curriculum 2014.
METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that 4117 primary care physicians participated. An electronic survey form has been sent to primary care physicians who actively work in Turkey to determine the primary care physicians’ self-perceived competency levels and the level that a medical student should reach at the graduation, on the psychiatry related basic practical skills that is in National Core Curriculum 2014. The study was carried out between October 1, 2017 and September 1, 2018. Descriptive statistical methods and chi square test were performed during analysis process.
RESULTS: Self-perceived competency levels on psychiatry related skills of primary care physicians were between 27,3% and 62,4%. The proportion of incompetent primary care physicians was statistically higher among physicians who has graduated from medical school more than five years ago (p<0.05). Out of nine skills, primary care physicians’ perspectives and NCC-2014 levels were consistent.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Primary care physicians who work in Turkey has low self-perceived levels on psychiatry related basic practical skills in National Core Curriculum 2014. Newly graduated physicians (five years from graduation) perceive themselves less incompetent. National Core Curriculum 2014 levels are compatible with perspectives of primary care physicians. It is suggested that undergraduate medical curricula should be evaluated in terms of psychiatry related basic practical skills.

INTRODUCTION: It is known that the presence of depressive symptoms can increase the risk of elevated body mass index. However, less is known about the underlying processes which may mediate or moderate this relationship. The aim of this study was to examine the mediating effect of parental psychological control and the moderating effect of age in regard to the relationship of depressive symptoms and body mass index.
METHODS: This study was carried out with 618 high school students (53.7% female, 45.0% male), ranging in age from 14 to 17-years-old. The participants were applied Sociodemographic Information Form, Children’s Depression Inventory, Parental Psychological Control Scale as well as Body Mass Index.
RESULTS: It was found through mediation analysis that the relationship between depressive symptoms and BMI was mediated by parental psychological control. In addition, the predictive effect of depressive symptoms on body mass index and the mediating effect of parental psychological control were moderated by age. More specifically, the direct effect of depressive symptoms and the indirect effect of depressive symptoms over body mass index through parental psychological control were observed in participants aged 14- years- old, but not in participants older than 14.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The aim of this study is to reveal the role of the psychological control of the parent and the age of the child, which is thought to be important in the relationship between depressive symptoms and body mass index. The findings support the importance of parenting programs that can positively affect both physical and mental health.

INTRODUCTION: It is known that digital game addiction, which has become a problem for adolescents today, is associated with emotional intelligence level and parental attitude. The aim of this study is to investigate whether digital game addiction has a mediator effect on the relationship between perceived parental attitudes and emotional intelligence.
METHODS: This study included 478 high school students between the ages of 14-18. The research data were collected over Sociodemographic Information Form, Digital Game Addiction Scale (DOBÖ-7), Parenting Attitude Scale (ABTÖ) and Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Scale Child and Adolescent Form (EQ-i (YV)).
RESULTS: Research results indicated that the level of digital game addiction has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between adolescents' acceptance/involvement sub-dimension and emotional intelligence levels. According to the ANCOVA analysis result, the emotional intelligence levels of adolescents with democratic parental attitudes were higher than the others, and emotional intelligence levels of adolescents with authoritarian parental attitudes were lower than the other parental attitudes.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This research, which shows how important parental attitudes is in the control of digital game addiction, which is seen as an important problem for today's parents, is a guide feature to evaluate the relationship between emotional intelligence capacity that guides children's lives and parental attitude. In order to reflect the objective reality of the findings, future studies should be planned considering the limitations of our research.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical features that may be related to antipsychotic polypharmacy and to discuss the causes and effects of this condition.
METHODS: The records of the cases followed up at the psychotic disorders outpatient clinic were analyzed retrospectively. Sociodemographic and disease related clinical features, Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) Severity of Illness and Advers Events in their last applications were evaluated.
RESULTS: The most common diagnosis is schizophrenia with a rate of 63.6% (n = 150). It was determined that 76.7% (n = 181) of 236 patients included in the study were using at least two antipsychotic drugs, %64.8 (n=153) were using long acting parenteral antipsychotics. When comparing antipsychotic polypharmacy and monotherapy patients;statistically significant difference was found in terms of age, gender, onset age of disease, history of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), long termparenteral antipsychotic use, number of hospitalizations and duration of their last hospitalization, Clinical Global Impression Scale severity of illness and advers events scores.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although there is insufficient data on the efficacy and safety of antipsychotic polypharmacy, it appears that it is preferred in practice far above the recommendations of treatment guidelines.It seems important to understand the causes of this situation, and to make adjustments in the practices and guidelines of clinicians.Medical, social and economic consequences caused by antipsychotic polypharmacyshould be considered.

INTRODUCTION: This aim is to examine the mediating role of life satisfaction and rotating vitality in the relationship between fear of covid-19 and problematic internet use in adolescents
METHODS: The participants in Turkey to 532 adolescents (304 females, 228 males) are formed. In the study, Covid-19 Fear Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale, Subjective Vitality Scale, and Problematic Internet Use Scale were used. Due to the covid-19 outbreak, education was not held in schools, so data were collected online. For this, scales were sent to the participants through online data collection prepared via Google Forms.
RESULTS: Relationships between adolescents' fear of experiencing coronavirus and their life satisfaction, fitness, and problematic internet use were determined by Pearson correlation analysis. It is seen that the problematic internet use has a positive relationship with the fear of covid-19, a negative relationship with life satisfaction and other vitality, and low follow-up. It is observed that there is a low level, negatively significant relationship between Covid-19 and life satisfaction and vitality. Regression analysis examined the mediating relationship between life satisfaction and age's fear of covid-19 and internet use. The research was performed by Hayes (2009) to test the mediating effect. The process was carried out in the macro mirror. In this method, 5000 resampling method was chosen.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: their results mediate the relationship between life satisfaction and health fear of covid-19 and problematic internet use.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study is to determine the distribution of diagnoses, special needs areas and levels in the medical board reports after passing to Special Needs Report for Children (SNRFC). In addition, to discuss the differences that emerged with the transition to the new system by comparing pre-SNRFC reports with the SNRFC reports of the cases who applied for report renewal.
METHODS: We reviewed socio-demographic characteristics, SNRFC report details of 1302 cases between 0 and 18 years old who applied to the health committee between March 2019 and February 2020 for the purpose of preparing a SNRFC and details of medical board reports before SNRFC.
RESULTS: We saw that 65.7% of the patients are male and 34.3% are female. The average age was found 8.63 ± 3.91. The diagnoses in the reports were delayed turning points (44.7%), specific learning difficulties (30.7%), language developmental disorders (21.6%) and autism spectrum disorder (11.7%) respectively after the transition to SNRFC system. Cases applying for report renewal, in pre-SNRFC reports, it was seen that 8.3% of them were in range of 90-99 percent disability ratio. This rate was 33.5% in SNRFC (p <0.001). When the disability rates for only child and adolescent psychiatry diagnoses are examined in the cases whose report was renewed, 5.3% before SNRFC was in the range of 90-99 percent disability; this rate was found to be 18.1% in SNRFC (p <0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: With the transition to SNRFC, it was observed that there were no significant differences in the distribution of diagnoses in both child and youth psychiatry and other fields. However, a statistically significant increase was found when the group, which had a disability rate of 90-99% in cases applying for report renewal compared to the old regulation, was examined separately for all diagnoses and only for child and youth psychiatry diagnoses.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to present the characteristics of juvenile pushed to crime who were brought to a child psychiatry clinic in a two-year period, the forensic reports and the measure decisions for these children.
METHODS: Sociodemographic, clinical and crime data of 67 children (59 boys and 8 girls) were entered into the SPSS 23.0 package program and required statistics were applied.
RESULTS: 22.4% of the children with an average age of 15.2 ± 1.3 had recurrent crime. At least one in the family of 20.9% and among friends of 43.3% were involved in crime before. The most common types of crime were theft, sexual abuse and property damage. A significant relationship was found between the recidivism and the disciplinary penalty, school drop-out, prior psychiatric diagnosis, smoking, self-injurious behavior, having peers pushed into crime, crimes as theft and property damage. In 25.4% of the judicial reports, “the child perceives the legal meaning of the act committed and controls his/her behavior”, in 28.4% “the child perceives the legal meaning of the act committed however cannot control his/her behavior”, and in 46.3% “the child does not perceive the legal meaning of the act committed and cannot control his/her behavior” was reported. Preventive/supportive measures were recommended for approximately half of the children. There was approximately four months between the recommended and the taken measures, and these were substantially different from each other.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Individual, familial and environmental risk factors should be addressed together to protect children from recidivism and the cooperation of institutions involved in protective services should be strengthened..

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine to what extent the self-perception and difficulties in emotion regulation are predictors of depressive symptoms in children diagnosed with specific learning disorder (SLD). Furthermore the other aim was to investigate the mediating role of the difficulties in emotion regulation in the relationship between depressive symptoms and self-perception.
METHODS: The study sample was consisted of 326 participants among 10-14 ages, clinical group diagnosed with SLD (n = 156) and healthy control group (n = 170). Piers Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale, Children's Depression Scale, Emotion Adjustment Scale and Demographic Information Form were used as data collection tools.
RESULTS: According to the results depression and difficulties in emotion regulation scores of the SLD group were significantly higher; self-perception scores were lower than control group. It was found that self-perception and difficulties in emotion regulation significantly have predicted depressive symptoms in children with SLD; self-perception has predicted depressive symptoms in control group but difficulties in emotion regulation had no effect on depressive symptoms in this group. The mediator role analysis results have showed that difficulties in emotion regulation had a partial mediating role between depressive symptoms and self-perception in children with SLD.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results obtained from the comparison of the clinical and the control group are consistent with the literature. The finding that difficulties in emotional regulation has a partial mediating role in the relationship between depressive symptoms and self-perception in SLD group is important for the intervention programs which will develop to increase the global functionality of individuals with SLD.

INTRODUCTION: Limited number of studies is available investigating the influences of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Most of the studies were focused on general population and risky health personnel. No studies are available in literature investigating the mental status of the recovering patients from COVID-19. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the psychiatric diagnosis of the patients who recovered from COVID-19 and to determine the prevalence of mental disorders in these individuals.
METHODS: Fifty individuals who were proven to catch COVID-19 through clinical tests and at least one month passed from recovery were included in the study.
RESULTS: As the result of clinical evaluations, other specified anxiety disorders (meets diagnostic criteria of generalized anxiety disorder but not duration criteria) was detected in 5 (10%), panic disorder was detected in 3 (6%), other specified somatic symptom and related disorder (short somatic symptom disorder) was detected in 2 (4%), major depression was detected in 1 (2%), post-traumatic stress disorder in 1 (2%), obsessive-compulsive disorder in 1 (2%) and another specified insomnia disorder (short-term insomnia) was detected in 1 (2%). 6 (12%) participants had anxiety symptoms that do not meet diagnostic criteria, 2 (4%) had depressive symptoms that do not meet diagnostic criteria. No mental disorder was detected in remaining 28 (56%) participants.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The present study reveals that anxiety symptoms are quite frequent following recovery period of COVID-19 although it has some limitations.

Bruxism is a parafunctional activity characterized by daytime (diurnal) or nighttime (nocturnal) tooth grinding and squeezing and causing various pathologies in oropharyngeal tissues. Buspirone is used in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, to reduce the side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and to strengthen the treatment in depression and anxiety disorders. In addition to these uses, buspirone is also used in the treatment of bruxism in adults. In this study, it is aimed to summarize bruxism cases treated with buspirone in literature and to discuss treatment options. A systematic research was conducted on Pubmed, Google Academic and Web of Science databases to evaluate all peer-reviewed articles using buspirone in the treatment of bruxism. The whole study in which buspirone was used in the treatment of bruxism was included in the study. When evaluated on the basis of case reports, buspirone is seen as one of the psychotropes that can be used safely in the treatment of bruxism. In the treatment, it may be recommended to adjust the average daily dose to 10-20 mg and wait a minimum of 2 weeks, although the effectiveness may occur in a much shorter time. This study is important in terms of recommending buspirone, which has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bruxism in many cases, despite its various limitations and as a step for further studies on this subject.

Pure obsessions consist of repeated intrusive thoughts, images or impulses that are not related to an overt compulsion, which are mostly ego-dystonic and regarded as unacceptable. Individuals with obsessions without overt compulsions use various suppression and mental control strategies, but these control strategies create a vicious circle by increasing the frequency and intensity of obsessive thoughts. Thus, efforts of different types of interventions are needed to be implemented for this special group. In this case report, the formulation and therapy process of a client who has been diagnosed with OCD and has different obsessions without observable compulsions is included. The therapy process consisted of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy practices including graded exposure and cognitive restructuring with behavioral experiments related to faulty appraisals. During the therapy process, cognitive and behavioral interventions were used to change faulty appraisals including thought-action fusion, exaggerated threat, need for control and intolerance to uncertainty. At the end of the psychotherapy process which consisted of 25 sessions, it was observed that the frequency of the client's intrusive thoughts decreased significantly, faulty appraisals regarding the importance and control of thoughts were replaced by realistic thoughts, and the attempts of the client to control and suppress thoughts and, also OCD symptoms decreased. As a result, in the treatment of obsessions without overt compulsions it is considered important to combine behavioral techniques with cognitive intervention techniques regarding faulty appraisals of intrusive thoughts and appraisals of mental control.

Auto-vampirism is a rare behavioral disorder in which a person sucks her/his own blood. The remarkable finding occurring in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia but it can be seen in other psychiatric diseases. Personality disorders are also one of these diseases. Borderline personality disorder is a personality disorder characterized by imbalance in interpersonal relationships and mood, suicidal behavior, self-confusion and impulsivity. Impulsivity is one of the diagnostic criteria of borderline personality disorder. In this article we aimed to mention a patient, applying to us with complaints of self mutilation and after giving pleasurable blood sucking behaviour, diagnosed with borderline personality disorder accompanied by auto-vampirism and improvement in her clinical course with psychotherapy and psychopharmacological treatment method.