INTRODUCTION: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a heteregenous psychiatric disorder. In this study, three possible etiopathogenic factors, neurocognitive flexibility, perfectionism, and obsessive beliefs in patients with OCD, were evaluated and compared with healthy controls. The hypothesis is neurocognitive flexibility, obsessive beliefs, and perfectionism may have a role in the formation of OCD symptoms. Furthermore, as perfectionism and obsessive beliefs increase, neurocognitive flexibility may deteriorate further.
METHODS: The study included 66 OCD patients and 75 healthy controls with no psychiatric history. Berg Card Sorting Test (BCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Category Fluency (CF) Test were used to assess neurocognitive flexibility; Hewitt Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (HMPS) and Obsessional Beliefs Questionnaire-44 (OBQ-44) were administered to evaluate perfectionism and obsessive beliefs of participants. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I) was administered to participants. Yale-Brown Obsession Compulsion Scale(Y-BOCS) was applied to evaluate severity of obsessions/compulsions, while Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was used to evaluate the severity of depression of patients.
RESULTS: Patients had high level perfectionist personality traits, and their levels of obsessive beliefs were higher than the healthy group. Trail Making Test performance was poorer in patients with OCD. There was no significant relationship between obsessive beliefs, perfectionism and neurocognitive flexibility. However, these variables differed among OCD-subtypes.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Further studies may investigate various OCD-subtypes by diversifying cognitive flexibility measurement along with biological variables. This study was presented as Poster Proceeding at 55. National Congress of Psychiatry

INTRODUCTION: Siberkondria is the behavior of people looking for information about their health on the internet in a repetitive and continuous manner. This concept is more common in the field of mental health in recent years due to the more use of technology in our daily lives. In this study, it was aimed to examine the demographic variables that affect cyberchondria behavior and to investigate the related concepts.
METHODS: A total of 430 people, 254 women and 176 men, participated in this study. A questionnaire form including demographic data form, Cyberchondria Severity Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3, Intolerance to Uncertainty Scale and Somatosensory Amplification Scale was applied to the participants.
RESULTS: Cyberchondria mean scores were found to be significantly higher for female participants (t(428)=3,445; p<0,01), participants seeking health information on the internet (t(428)=7,720; p<0,001), participants using drugs other than a doctor's recommendation (t(428)=2,669; p<0,01), and those who think they have found sufficient information about health on the internet (t(428)=5,155; p<0,001). The relationships between cyberchondria and anxiety sensitivity (r=0,49; p<0,001), intolerance to uncertainty (r=0,27; p<0,001), and somatosensory amplification (r=0,38; p<0,001) were found to be significant.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Demographic features and concepts thought to be related to the cyberchondria were found in the study. It is thought that this study provides current knowledge to the literature in understanding the concept of cyberchondria.

INTRODUCTION: Internalized stigma means accepting negative statements and stereotypes about the disorder in people with mental disorders and reflecting on their thoughts and behaviors. High levels of internalized stigma negatively affect the recovery process in mental disorders and reduce functionality. In our study, it is aimed to determine the internal stigmatization levels of physicians with mental disorders and the factors affecting stigmatization levels.
METHODS: The study was conducted between October 1, 2020-November 30, 2020, using an online cross-sectional self-report survey, and included 156 volunteer physicians who completed the survey questions. A "sociodemographic and clinical characteristics evaluation form" and the "Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale" were applied to all participants.
RESULTS: It was observed that physicians were most frequently diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (54.5%) and Anxiety Disorder (32.1%). It was observed that 62.8% of physicians used psychopharmacological treatment, 12.8% had attempted suicide, and 8.3% received inpatient treatment. There was no statistical difference between the age, gender, professional experience, and departments of the groups considered as high- and low-internalized stigma. Individuals with Bipolar Disorder, ADHD, and Substance Use Disorder were observed to be in the high internal stigma group. In addition, a higher rate of family history of psychiatric illness was observed in the high-internalized stigma group.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that physicians with a mental illness had internalized stigma as in individuals with mental illness. Considering that internalized stigma affects attitudes and behaviors towards these patients, determining these differences will be a guide in struggles to prevent stigma against mental illnesses.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on children with neurodevelopmental disorders through Tele-Medicine system.
METHODS: Children aged between 7-18 years old with neurodevelopmental disorders were evaluated. On the routine control visit day, they and their parents were called by phone via the Tele-Medicine system and a questionnaire prepared by the researchers was applied to evaluate the compliance process to the pandemic. The disease severity of the cases was evaluated by the Clinical Global Impression Scale.
RESULTS: In our study, 17.6% of the cases were girls and 82.4% were boys. The average age is 11.66±3.46 years. In this study 51% of the cases were diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder; 47.1% with Intellectual Disability and 17.6% with Special Learning Disorder. The comorbidity of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder was found to be 49%. Increased anxiety is reported by 25.5% of the cases, appetite and nutritional problems by %37.3 and sleep pattern changes by 62.7%. Pre-pandemic score of Clinical Global Impression Scale was evaluated as 3.82±0.81, and the score during the pandemic as 4.09±0.87.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was found that, in the early period of the Covid-19 pandemic, the most common problems of the cases with neurodevelopmental disorder were the sleep pattern changes, appetite and nutritional problems and increased anxiety. It is thought that our findings will guide psychosocial support interventions for children and adolescents with developmental problems during the pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine the levels of anxiety, depression and alexithymia in individuals diagnosed with diabetes and the affecting factors.
METHODS: The study consisted of 208 patients aged 18 and over diagnosed with diabetes that have been receiving relevant treatment for at least 6 months and had no other chronic diseases. The patients had been registered in the internal medicine polyclinics of a training and research hospital for control purposes between January 15 and June 30, 2018 and had agreed to participate in the study. Research data were collected using the Personal Information Form (PIF), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). The descriptive statistics, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U and Pearson Correlation, Regression tests were used in the statistical analysis of the data.
RESULTS: In the study 61.1% of the patients were females, 57.7% were between 45-64 years old and 81.3% were married. A moderate-level of anxiety and alexithymia as well as a low-level of depression were found in the patients who reported adverse changes in their lives following the diagnosis of diabetes. A statistically significant relationship was found between the levels of anxiety, depression and alexithymia in patients (p<0.001).
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Patients diagnosed with diabetes should be regularly assessed for psychological distress such as anxiety, depression and alexithymia, as well as physical symptoms. Health professionals, especially nurses should support diabetic patients in developing strategies to cope with and manage these health problems

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine the frequency of psychiatric comorbidity in patients with Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder (ASAD) and investigate its effect on suicidal ideation and functionality.
METHODS: We included 107 participants diagnosed with ASAD. The patients were interviewed based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders-Clinician Version (SCID-5-CV). We applied sociodemographic data form, SCL-90-R Symptom Checklist, Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (ASAQ), Structured Clinical Interview for Separation Anxiety Symptoms (SCI-SAA), Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI), World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale (WHODAS) to all participants.
RESULTS: The mean age of onset of the disorder was 20.1 ± 6. Eighty-seven (81.3%) of the patients had psychiatric comorbidity (29% had major depression, 17.8% panic disorder, 16.8% obsessive-compulsive disorder, 11.2% agoraphobia, 6.5% bipolar disorder). Fifty-four (50.4%) of the patients had suicidal thoughts in any period of their lives. Patients with psychiatric comorbidity had a higher ASAQ score, WHODAS-2 loss of functionality score, and suicidal ideation rate than those who were not (p <0.001 for each).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Suicidal ideation, ASAQ score, and loss of functionality rates increase in patients with ASAD in the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders. Future studies in larger samples and evaluating more than one additional psychiatric disorder will be helpful to support our study results.

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between violent behaviors of forensic psychiatry patients and their adherence to treatment and level of hope.
METHODS: This study used a descriptive and correlational research design. July 2020 October 2020 data of the study was collected and a total of 134 patients participated in the study. A personal information form, Morisky Adherence Scale, Taylor crime violence Rating Scale and Herth Hope Scale were used for data collection.
RESULTS: It was determined that 40.3% of the patients participating in the study exhibited moderate violent behavior, 63.4% had low levels of adherence to treatment and hope levels were 40.14±21.80. It was determined that there was a negative significant relationship between the levels of hope and treatment adherence of violent behavior of patients (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that most forensic psychiatry patients had low adherence treatment and moderate violent behavior, and that there was a negative association between patients ' violent behavior and their level of hope and adherence to treatment.

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to evaluate the beliefs and attitudes of nurses/physicians, patients and patients’ relatives towards stigma in psychiatry clinics.
METHODS: The study was undertaken using comparative-descriptive study method. It was conducted between October-December 2017 at the psychiatry clinic of two state university training and research hospitals and at the mental health and diseases training and research hospital of a state university. The sample consists of 43 nurses/physicians, 76 patients and 37 patient relatives. The data were collected using Beliefs towards Mental Illness Scale (BMI), scale of The Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill (CAMI) and İnternalized Stigma of Mental İllness Scale (ISMI). The beliefs and attitudes scores of nurses/physicians, patients, and patient relatives were compared, the internalized stigmatization levels of patients with mental disorders were evaluated, and the stigma belief and attitude levels were examined for some variables.
RESULTS: Participants in the study were 27.6% nurses/physicians, 48.7% patients and 23.7% patient relatives. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the BMI subscales of dangerousness, poor social and interpersonal skills and incurability and shame, and the scale total score (p <0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of CAMI fear/exclusion score (p <0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that patients have the most negative beliefs towards to mental disorders/patients, also nurses/physicians were found to exhibit more fear and exclusion attitudes. Although it varies according to the groups it was determined that beliefs, attitudes and internalized stigmatization were affected by variables such as economic status, education level, gender, and number of hospitalizations.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to develop a scale to evaluate adjustment problems in university students and to reveal the factors affecting compliance.
METHODS: A total of 34 questions were created in the areas of procrastination, perfectionism, difficulty in focusing, communication, anxiety, lost mourning and self-confidence, which may disrupt harmony among university students. The study was conducted on the University Health Campus students population. A questionnaire questioning the sociodemographic characteristics, the 34-item Adjustment Problems Scale and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) were applied to the students. When scales with missing responses were excluded, 754 students' responses were included in statistical evaluation because they were complete in all scales.

Factors with eigenvalues ​​above one in the explanatory factor analysis were defined as scale sub-domains. Comparisons were made with the brief symptom inventory and the external validity of the scale was tested in this way. Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated in these comparisons.Confirmatory factor analysis conducted for scale fit analysis.
RESULTS: Seven of the scale questions were excluded from the scale due to low correlation coefficients (<0.30) and factor content load (<0.50). A total of 26 questions was formed. The scale has a structure consisting of 6 sub-fields with 26 questions. Sub-areas Difficulty focusing, procrastination, communication problems, insecurity, perfectionism, social anxiety. The Cronbach alpha value for 26 questions in the scale was 0.87.Based on the confirmatory factor analysis results, a 21-question scale was created by removing avoidance behaviors in communication.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result of this study, an adjustment problems scale for university students was obtained. Such a scale can be used to identify risky groups in field studies. It can facilitate the production of knowledge in the field of preventive mental health. At the beginning of the therapy for university students, "Adaptation Problems Scale" can be used to determine problem areas.

INTRODUCTION: This study intends to investigate the factors affecting the belief towards mental illness and social distance in secondary education teachers.
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in high schools in Aydın, Turkey. High schools in Aydın were divided into separate strata according to school types; and the number of teachers to be selected from each school was determined using the G-Power statistics program and the number of teachers in the study sample was calculated to be 331.Data was collected using the Belief Towards Mental Illness Scale and Social Distance Scale.
RESULTS: 24.3 % of the teachers in the study reported that they know somebody with a mental illness in their immediate circles and 9.4% had psychiatric support in the past. According to the teachers' reports,65.7% of the teachers believed that genetic predisposition,73.9% stressful life events,44.4% interpersonal relationships,72.9% domestic violence, 58.9% domestic conflicts, 55.3% personal weaknesses,68.4% traumatic life events, 14.6% infectious diseases, 23.4% religious belief and 11.7 % supernatural powers cause mental illnesses. The study found that the teachers who know people with mental illnesses in their immediate circles had lower social distance scores compared to those who do not know (t=-.901;p=0.004). Additionally a moderate level of positive relationship was found between the Belief Towards Mental Illness Scale score and Social Distance Scale score(r=0.502;p=0.000).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Based on this data, having someone with a mental illness in the immediate circle has a positive effect on the person's perspective for mental illnesses and social distance toward patients increases as the belief towards mental illness become more negative. In order to ensure that people with mental illnesses live in a society with no stigmatization and discrimination, it is important to raise awareness and improve knowledge promoting positive attitude towards mental illnesses in the society. Therefore it is important to increase the knowledge and awareness among teachers.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to follow the fluctuations in affective responses to COVID-19 such as anxiety, stress, anger, and fear of the community parallel to the changes in the regulations and the course of the pandemic.

METHODS: In a serial cross-sectional study, online data were collected on COVID-19–related anxiety, stress, anger, and fear. 5474 participants, who were aged between 18-73 and residing in different regions of Turkey, are included in the analyses. Emotional fluctuations across five waves were analyzed with four separate one-way ANOVAs for all emotions.
RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between waves in terms of COVID-19 related anxiety, stress, anger, and fear (p <.05). As all emotions tended to increase up until the third wave, where all emotions tended to decrease except anger after the third wave.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Changes in the contextual factors, such as managing the pandemic, uncertainty, and vaccination, emerge as stressors and create an atmosphere of fear and worry, and affect individuals emotionally. Consequently, psychological problems such as mood and anxiety disorders may increase in the coming years.

INTRODUCTION: Having a valid and reliable scale to detect eating disorders in adolescents is important for early diagnosis of individuals at risk of eating disorders and timely preventive interventions. Thus, the aim of the study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish form of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (HYDA), which evaluates problematic eating behaviors including emotional eating, restrictive eating and external eating behaviors, in adolescents aged 12-18.
METHODS: Three hundred and sixty-four adolescents between ages 12 -18 living in Istanbul province were included in this study. Sociodemographic Data Form, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and DEBQ were administered to the participants.
RESULTS: The factorial structure of the questionnaire was acceptable and in accordance with the original questionnaire. Cronbach alpha of Restrictive Eating, Emotional Eating and External Eating were found as.89,.95,.86 respectively. Gender-based comparison of the average scores of subscales showed that, Restrictive and Emotional eating were significantly higher in girls. Aged-based comparison of the average scores of subscales indicated that Emotional and External Eating were significantly higher in adolescents between ages 15-18 while Restrictive Eating was higher in adolescents between ages 12-15. Finally, it was shown that a score of 1.95 and below in the restrictive eating subscale can identify potentially thin female adolescents in female adolescent, and a score of 2.05 and above can determine overweight adolescents in male adolescents.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that DEBQ was a reliable and valid tool in Turkish adolescents aged 12-18.

Dissociation is defined as impairment and / or interruption in the integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control and behavior. Dissociation is evaluated in a spectrum ranging from a natural response that can occur in response to small tensions to dissociative disorders (DB) that can cause severe impairment in functionality. Although the underlying cause of CD development is often childhood trauma, attachment disorder is also an important factor. In the studies conducted, it was stated that internal working models formed through traumatic relational experiences experienced in childhood and internalized by repetition may lead to insecure attachment and disrupt the functional regulation of emotions. There are many studies in the literature that indicate a strong relationship between attachment style, emotional neglect, and dissociative symptoms. However, dissociative symptoms are not discussed in detail by clinicians within the framework of attachment pathology. In this case report, it is aimed to present a 14-year-old girl who applied to our clinic due to dissociative symptoms in the light of literature findings.