INTRODUCTION: The main aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of projective identification, gender roles, conflict resolution style on marital satisfaction. The study proposed that internal processes of intra-psychic personality, the conflict resolution and the gender roles are important dimensions in the understanding of couple marital satisfaction. Partners enter into an intimate relationship preexisting internal working models and perceptual tendencies. In projective identification the person attempts to induce in his or her partner the self-representation from the original negative interaction. Early identification processes with the parent has strong effect on partner’s conflict resolution styles.
METHODS: The data was collected from 123 married people: 54 of them were male and 69 of them were female. Their ages ranged from 23 to 44 with the mean age of 32.5. The participant of this study were selected by convenience sampling. The booklet of demographic information form, Marital Life Scale, Paulson Daily Living Inventory, Conflict Resolution Styles Scale, and Bem-Sex Role Inventory was used to collect the data.
RESULTS: The correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between projective identification, conflict resolution styles and marital satisfaction. A series of 3 way ANOVA analysis indicated that feminine characteristics have a significant effect on marital satisfaction and subordination behaviors. The multiple regression analysis indicated that all of these variables can account for 52% of variance in marital satisfaction.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Understanding the underlying sources of conflict in a marriage is very important because it helps promoting awareness in destructive adult interaction styles would be helpful in aiding couples to accept their differences and to develop effective problem management.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among perceived parental acceptance rejection levels with anger levels, anger expression styles, and depressive symptoms of university students.
METHODS: For this purpose, Parental Acceptance-Rejection Inventory, The State-Trait Anger Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory were administered to 366 Hacettepe University undergraduate and graduate students (185 women, 181 men) (X= 21.11; SD=3.57).
RESULTS: The t-test, correlation and regression analysis revealed that there are no gender difference, except two, in perceived parental acceptance-rejection levels, anger levels, and anger expression styles, and depressive symptom levels. The perceived warmth by the mother is significantly higher for males than females, and the female’s anger levels is higher than the anger levels of males. Also, it’s found that the levels of parental acceptance rejection predicts depressiveness, especially, the perceived parental rejection by the father predicts depresiveness. When the subscales of the perceived parental rejection were examined one by one, it’s found that the total rejection level by the father, and by the mother predict depressiveness. Moreover, when the levels of the parental acceptance rejection were examined, it’s found that the best predictor of the extraversive expression of anger, and the control of anger is the hostility/aggression levels by the father; if the perceived hostility/aggression by the father increases, the extraversive expression of anger also increases and the control of anger decreases.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results largely supported of the related literature.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to examine the Patient-Therapist Interaction Assessment Form (PTIA-F), which was developed to predict psychotherapy dropouts from third session of a psychotherapy process.
METHODS: The PTIA-F was developed by the authors based on the studies which were focused on therapeutic alliance ruptures, prevention of psychotherapy dropouts and the relationship between alliance ruptures and dropouts. The PTIA-F has 42 items and score range is between -15 and +27. In parallel with the aim of the study 4 clinical psychologist rated dropped out (n= 19, 14 female and 5 male, MAge=22.68, SDAge=3.83) and completed psychotherapies’ (n= 20, 15 female and 5 male, MAge=28.08, SDAge=7.36) third sessions according to the PTIA-F.
RESULTS: The dropout and completed process groups were not differentiate in terms of Early Close Relationship Inventory-II and Symptom Checklist; therapeutic alliance rating in 3rd sessions and therapists age. The patients’ age was significantly lower in dropout group. Results showed that the PTIA-F has strong interrater reliability (ICC = 0.50 - 0.71, F(41, 123) = 2.02 - 3.47, p <.01). The t-test result which was conducted to test the PTIA-F between groups, was not statistically significant but there was promising results for the future studies (MDropout=4.26, SDDropout=5.35; MCompleted=3.45, SDCompleted=3.33).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although the PTIA-F has promising result to predict psychotherapy dropouts from early phase of psychotherapy process, further studies examining the psychometric properties of the instrument more comprehensively are needed.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of study as to determine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the inpatients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia between the years 2010-2014. Patients were grouped according to the gender and age of onset and these groups were compared.
METHODS: 208 patients who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM IV TR between the years 2010-2014. Sociodemographic and clinical data form, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms(SAPS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms(SANS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Insight Assessment Scale were filled by scanning previous patient files.
RESULTS: 107(51,4%) of the patients included in this study were male. Mean age of onset of schizophrenia was 23,82±9,78. There was no significant difference between men and women in terms of age at onset. The rate of patients with one or more delusions was 98,6 % (n: 205), the rate of patients with one more halucinations was 59,6 % (n: 124). Lifetime smoking, alcohol and substance abuse and legal problem rates were higher in male patients. Lifetime history of suicide and SAPS scores were higher in female patients. Family history of psychiatric disorders was higher in early onset schizophrenia patients(<40 age).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study which determined wider and homogeneous distribution samples in this subject and at same time meeting patients and their families can contribute to identify disease’s clinical features more detailed.

INTRODUCTION: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used for the treatment for the psychiatric illnesses since 1938 and it was reported that the ratio of the use of ECT for the inpatients in Turkey ranged from 9% to 16.4 %. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of the use of ECT with anaesthesia for the inpatients at a psychiatric clinic in a university, diagnosis groups receiving ECT and the efficiency and side effects of the use of ECT.
METHODS: This study included 51 patients from among 2128 patients who had ECT with anaesthesia in the psychiatric clinic between the years 2007-2016. The sociodemographic data of the patients receiving ECT, the indications of the use of ECT, the number of the application and the efficiency and side effects of the treatment of ECT were examined.
RESULTS: It was found out that 51 (2.4 %) inpatients from among 2128 had received ECT. Of the patients, 45,1 % had major depression, 23,5 % bipolar disorder and 19,6 % had schizophrenia. ECT was most frequent side effect was the extension of the duration of the seizure and cardiac complications.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was found out that the use of ECT at our clinic was 2,35%. ECT was mostly used to cure the indications of major depression resistant to treatment and the most frequent side effect was the extension of the duration of the seizure and cardiac complications.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to investigate and understand common charecteristics of suicides and attempted suicides in the city of Tunceli between 2005 and 2015.
METHODS: Total of 435 suicides and suicide attempts were recorded by the Tunceli Health Directorate between the years of 2005 and 2015 in Tunceli. A special request to investigate these cases were granted by the Directorate. The data for all 435 cases were anonymized and then transferred to a database and analysed using SPSS software package analysed using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: Suicide attempts and suicides were recorded at %77.6 for the under 25 years. Only 1 in every 17 sucide attempts recorded to be resulted in death, rendering majority of the cases as suicide attempts. Suicideattempts and suicide rates were recorded as much higher in males at %17.1 compared to %6 in females. Suicides attempts and suicides were most common during the spring and summer seasonsparticularly in urban parts of the city. %21.1 of the suicides and suicide attempts were recorded to be caused by family problems, and %18.2 as a result of psychiatric problems. The remainder of the cases were not recorded cause for suicide attempts and suicides. Major methods of suicides were reported as drug intoxication, use of cutter/drill tool and hanging.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that suicide is a very significant issue among younger population in particular among males and in urban settings and especially among those whose personal health is impaired and family dynamics are suffering. In the light of our analysis we identified dire need to strengthen the primary mental health care services in Tunceli and implement measures to combat unemployment. Further analytical and qualitative studies are highly recommended to further our understanding of the issue and implement effective preventative measures.

Epilepsy, which is considered dangerous and scary by the society, is a frequent neurological disease. Although epileptic seizures can be controlled with drugs, prejudices towards this disease being scary still continue. There are several factors that determine the level of stigmatization directed to epilepsy. Age, marital status,education of the patient, age of disease onset, the treatment duration of the disease, drug side effects, accompanying physical and psychiatric disorders, education level of those stigmatizing and disease-related knowledge level are among these factors. Adverse outcomes are observed in many areas such as quality of life, treatment complience, social and occupational functionality. The aim of this article is to increase the awareness of stigmatization that hampers the treatment and quality of life of epilepsy patients.

Printing warning messages on cigarette packages is one of the policies against smoking. Millions of people are exposed to these warning messages every day. Therefore, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of these messages and evaluate their effects on individuals. This study aims to discuss the studies investigating health warnings on cigarette packages. In this context, studies about the design of warning messages (e.g. Should we use combined warnings which contain both pictorials and texts together or should they contain only pictorials or only texts?; Do we need to return to plain packages?) on cigarette packages were reviewed. Then, studies related to the content of the messages were reviewed since the content of the messages (i.e. message framing) could also be effective on smoking just as the package design. Graphic warning labels on cigarette packages may generate defensive reactions. In this regard, these defensive reactions against graphic warning labels were addressed within the frameworks of psychological reactance theory (Brehm, 1966), cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger, 1957), terror management theory (Greenberg, Pyszczynski and Solomon, 1986) and self-affirmation theory (Steele, 1988). Finally, how these defensive reactions could be reduced (e.g. framing sentences as questions instead of affirmative sentences) was reviewed on the basis of related literature.

Delusional Misidentification Syndromes (SYTS) are considered to be rare psychopathological phenomena encountered in psychiatric and neurological tables. It is defined as those who believe that the persons, places, objects and events around the person have changed, or that the same things have multiplied. Intermetamorphosis syndrome is the idea that the physical and mental identities of familiar or alien people, changing in familiarity, change into a familiar person to the patient. It is the least rare among SYTS and was described by Courbon and Tusques in 1932. In this article, we present a case of intermetamorphosis syndrome associated with schizophrenia.