Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determinate patients' explanation models for their mental illness and help-seeking behavior and evaluate the relationship between these behaviors and socio-demographic characteristics in outpatients who admitted to psychiatry clinic. Method: Outpatients who admitted to psychiatry clinic were recruited consecutively for the study. Sociodemographic data form and Symptom Attribution Questionnaire were applied to patients. Results: The study included 135 patients (104 female and 31 male). The mean age of the sample was 38.28±14.18 years. Among the patients 73.3% of them were admitted to psychiatry clinic with their own decision. The most common reasons of applications to non-medical methods were despair and hope, personal beliefs and orientation of relatives. The results showed that the women were more likely to report 'family problems' as a cause of their illness as compared to men whereas men were more likely to report 'workplace problems' and 'personal problems' as the cause when compared to women. The patients living in rural area were more likely to report that expectation of 'become quite different' related to the treatment and 'fear of death' related to the illness. In addition, they were more likely report that 'religion', 'the attitudes of the health workers' and 'distrust of the doctor' as the reasons for application to non-medical methods. Conclusion: It is needed to enhance medical help seeking behavior for people with mental disorders. Community should be informed in terms of mental disorders and their treatment by the professionals. Results of these study showed that especially low-educated person, persons who living in rural area and men should be informed primarily about these subjects.

Objectives: There are psychological factors to play a part in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), besides many of medical risk factors. There are too many studies which demonstrate personality types such as type-A or type-D personality that bring forward at recent times, related with CHD. Furthermore, anger is accepted one of psychological rise factor for CHD. A lot of studies had been exposed that depression can also predict mortality in CHD. In this study, we investigated the relationships between Ml and temperament and character dimensions, levels of anger, anxiety, and depression of patients. Method: 40 patients with Ml and demografic variables matched 40 healthy persons were included in this study. Each of groups had been given Temperament and Character Inventory for determination of personality features, The State Trait Anger Scale for anger condo- tions and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for psychological well-being. In terms of temperament and character features, anger state, anxiety and depression, relation between Ml patient group and normal group were statistically analyzed with MANOVA. Results: Ml patients were characterized by higher rates of Reward Dependence temperament dimension, and trait anger and anger expression-out. Conclusion: When compared with healthy volunteers, Ml patients have significantly higher reward dependence and anger scales scores. Ml patients could not express their anger easily and have difficulty in anger control than did healthy volunteers. Key Words: Myocardial infarction, temperament, character, anger, anxiety, depression.

Objectives: This study is aimed to adapt Conner's Teachers Rating Scale/ Revised Long (CTRS-RL) form to Turkish which is used to assess symptoms and treatment effects of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children/teens. Method: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis-CFA was conducted on the data obtained by administering the CTRS-RL on teachers of 5.355 children of the 3-17 age group. The structural validity of the scale was also investigated with the CTRS-28 and the Revised Problem Behaviour Checklist (RPBC), and correlation between subscales. Comparison of known groups was also conducted alongside the assessment of relations of the Depression Scale for Children to test concurrent validity. The reliability of the scale were tested by internal consisitency coefficients and test-retest reliability. Results: CFA showed that the CTRS-RL structure obtained from the Turkish children was consistent with an original scale excluding one item (Item 42) in a different sub-scale. It was found that the relationship between the CTRS Long and Short forms were significant, the relation between the CRTRS-28 and the RPBC was of medium significance in general and that the scale discriminated between the diagnosed and non-diag- nosed groups. Reliability coefficients were quite satisfactory. Conclusion: The CTRS-RL Turkish form is a valid and reliable scale for teachers to use to assess ADHD based on their judgements. However, it would be advantageous to conduct studies to ascertain the validity structure to use on different types of ADHD and other psychiatric diagnosis groups.

Objectives: The differences among anxiety and mood disorders have become more sharply defined but a larger debate has arisen about whether these two conditions share a common psychopathology or not. We aimed to investigate sociodemographic, common and different features of depression and anxiety on both syndrome and symptom levels. Method: 113 consecutive patients diagnosed by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I) were recruited. Patients were divided into three diagnostic groups: depression (n=15), anxiety (n=48) and depression-anxiety disorder episodes (MAD) (n=50). Symptomatology was assessed by Hamilton Depression (HRSD) and Anxiety (HARS) Rating scale, global assessment of functionality scale (GAF) for functionality levels. Results: There were 15 (%13.3) in depression, 48 (%42.5) in anxiety, 50 (%44.2) patients in MAD groups. Onset age of the symptoms of the present diagnosis was latest at depression group. The rural birth rates in anxiety, urban birth rate in MAD groups were more frequent. In MAD group %80 of the patients had primer anxiety disorder episode and %20 had primer depression episode. HAM-A psychologic item scores in anxiety group, fears item scores were lower in depression group. There were significant difference between three groups in terms of HAM-D depressive syndrom severity and depressive items. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that fears were more frequent in anxiety group, but depressive symptoms were predominant in the differences of the groups and anxiety may progress chronologically towards the depression.

Objective: The general purpose of this study is to examine the relation between the problem solving skills and hopelessness levels of university students in terms of the department that they study, their grade, and gender variables. Method: The study was conducted with 111 female and 96 male students, totally 207 students, who are in first and fourth grade of Kırıkkale University and selected by random cluster sample method. As data gathering tools, Problem Solving Inventory and Beck Hopelessness Scale were used beside demographic information form, in the research. Data obtained from the research were analysed by independent-samples T-test, multiple regression analysis, and Pearson Moments Multiplier Correlation Coefficient. Results: As a result of correlation analysis, which was conducted, It was determined that, there was a reasonable relation between the problem solving skills and hopelessness levels of university students (r=.31, p<0.01). As a result of regression analysis, which was done to predict problem solving skills, two models were obtained, first one was added demographic variables and second one was added subdimensions of hopelessness scale. It was seen that, both models predicted problem solving skills in reasonable levels. It was seen that, "Motivation Loss", one of the sub-dimensions of hopelessness, and the grade, one of the demographic variables, were reasonable predictors of problem solving skills when the variables were discussed one by one (p=.282, p<0,01 ve p=-.206, p<0,01). Conclusion: It can be said that, being first or fourth grade student and hopelessness levels have reasonable contributions to problem solving skill. These findings were discussed in the light of related literature and suggestions were given for field on the basis of the results.

Schizophrenia usually appears in the late adolescence or early adult life, besides may appear in middle or older age rarely. When late onset schizophrenia is told, two different concepts come into mind. First one is that symptoms of the illness come into being after the age 40. For the other one; symptoms of the illness come into being after 60's and that's an unusual situation. During the 20'th century, schizophrenic symptoms that onset after 40's are defined as "late onset schizophrenia", "late parafreni", "very late onset schizophrenia" or late psychoses. In those days neither ICD-10 nor DSM-IV had no separate codeable diagnoses for late-onset schizophrenia and there is no age restriction.This article mentiones about a 68 years old case who was followed up for 5 years and whose illness began with positive symptoms and diagnosed as a "paranoid schizophre- nia"according to DSM- IV criterias. The tendency of association of late onset psychosis with cognitive impaire- ment which appears with aging and organic causes lead several problems on diagnosis. In order to remove the ambiguity in the terminology; it is suggested that a new classification would be more appropriate for such late- onset schizophrenia cases which differentiate by the clinical features etiology, treatment and prognosis.