INTRODUCTION: Theoretical and practical psychotherapy training improves psychiatrists' case management and treatment skills. However, little is known about the extent that in Turkey early career psychiatrists have access to these opportunities and their experiences, so in this study, we aimed to investigate various aspects of the psychotherapy training of early career adult, child and adolescent psychiatrists in Turkey.
METHODS: A 22 items questionnaire was disseminated in Turkey to psychiatry trainees and early career psychiatrists (psychiatry and child and adolescent psychiatry trainees and specialists who are in the first 5 years of their career and younger than 40). The questionnaire inquired about participants’: i) sociodemographics; ii) the quality of the psychotherapy training; iii) organizational aspects of psychotherapy training; iv) satisfaction with psychotherapy training.
RESULTS: A total of 103 individuals (n=41 psychiatrists, n=37 psychiatry trainees, n=12 child and adolescent psychiatrists, and n=13 child and adolescent psychiatry trainees) responded to this questionnaire. While 68% of the participants stated that psychotherapy training is included in psychiatry training, 89.3% stated they have conducted psychotherapy training themselves and 76.7% reported that they received supervision. Only 41.7% stated that they were going to their own personal psychotherapy or had gone before, and 59.2% were not a qualified psychotherapist.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: One third of psychiatry and child and adolescent psychiatry trainees in Turkey cannot access psychotherapy training in their institutes, and one fourth cannot access supervision opportunities, and more than half are deprived of their personal therapy processes. This should be addressed to improve the skills and competencies of psychiatrists that train in Turkey.

INTRODUCTION: The literature shows that attachment styles, personality features, childhood maltreatment, cognitive schemas, and various socioeconomic and clinical issues can play an important role in intimate partner violence (IPV). This study investigated the relationship of IPV with attachment styles, schema domains, and personality beliefs in a treatment-seeking women group.
METHODS: The participants were 75 women who presented to a psychiatric outpatient clinic and endorsed experiencing IPV during the previous year. We conducted a psychiatric evaluation and administered Young Schema Inventory-Short Form, Personal Belief Questionnaire-Short Form, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Conflict Tactics Scale-2, and Experiences in Close Relationships-II. We performed correlation analyses and a stepwise regression analysis to determine the variables that affect IPV. A mediator analysis was performed to evaluate the role played by schema domains and personality beliefs in attachment styles and IPV.
RESULTS: Different levels of relationships were found between IPV and an anxious attachment style, some schema domains and personality beliefs. There was a relationship between an individual's negotiation attitude and the other-directedness schema domain. We found that attachment styles, schema domains, and personality beliefs could explain 7% to 32% of IPV behaviors.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: When working with couples suffering from violence in their relationship, evaluating attachment and focusing on personality features and schemas may provide new insights to direct the therapy process. This data, supporting the role of personality beliefs and schemas, will be very useful for clinicians working with cognitive behavioral therapy or schema-therapy, which are becoming increasingly common in the field of psychiatry.

INTRODUCTION: Prevalance of pathological internet use (PIU) is increasing in children and adolescents. Although it has multifactorial etiologies, some symptoms are considered as impulsive whereas some are compulsive in nature. This study is aimed to compare individuals having PIU with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) which have more specific findings in terms of executive functioning.
METHODS: Participants (n=104) of this study were 8-18 years-old-aged right-handed, drug-naive children and adolescents with IQ>85, and were grouped into 4 groups: ADHD, OCD, PIU and healthy control (HC). They are assessed with K-SADS, Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Scale, Young Internet Addiction Scale and Turgay Disruptive Behavior Scale-ADHD. STROOP test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Judgement of Line Orientation (JLO) and Visual-Aural Digit Span Test (VADST) were used as neuropsychological (NP) tests. Results were compared.
RESULTS: tudy sample was composed of 13 (12.5%) girls and 91 (87.5%) boys with a mean age of 11.5±2.7 years old. The most common type of internet use was games. PIU group had the lowest scores in STROOP time and the highest scores in BLOT and VADST tests(p>0.05). ADHD group has the lowest scores in JLO and VASDT- auditory verbal, visual-verbal and visual-written subtests (p<0.05) Groups were similar in WCST completed category, conceptual response and scores. ADHD group had the highest scores in WCST perseverative responses and errors (p>0.05). Ages of the children were correlated with the all types of executive tests whereas scale scores had no relations.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: xecutive function abnormalities are more specific for ADHD cases rather than PIU and OCD. However, shorter response time in PIU group suggests that online games and other internet use may increase the speed of information processing. Visual content of internet might cause PIU group to score better in short term memory, visual perception, visual memory and orientation tests. NP profile of the PIU resembles OCD group than ADHD group suggesting that PIU cases with no comorbid conditions might have same neurobiology as OCD. Neuroimaging and molecular studies are still needed to englighten the etiology.

INTRODUCTION: Spousal sexual violence is a form of intimate partner violence (IPV) that can affect women both physically and psychologically and often co-occurs with other forms of IPV. The estimated prevalence of spousal sexual violence might not reflect the reality since women often do not readily perceive sexual violence within an intimate relationship as a form of violence.
METHODS: This descriptive study aimed to investigate the factors associated with married women's attributions related to spousal sexual violence. The sample consisted of 510 married women who were recruited during their visits to various outpatient clinics in a hospital in Turkey between July and December 2016. The data was collected as self-reports via sociodemographic forms, Attributions related to Sexual Violence Scale, the sources of help-seeking and Bem Sex-Role Inventory.
RESULTS: Among the sample, 12.7 % reported lifetime spousal sexual violence. Age and education level of the father predicted victim-blaming attributions while the education level of women and their fathers predicted rape-supportive attributions. Women who had an arranged marriage had higher rape-supportive attributions. These attributions were not associated with gender role orientation and experience of spousal sexual violence. Consultation with healthcare professionals was the most common suggestion for women who were exposed spousal sexual violence.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Attributions of married women to spousal sexual violence are related to individual and marital factors. Education could be a significant tool with its form and content for shaping women's attributions to spousal sexual violence.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect physical health as well as mental health in children and adolescents. In this study, we aimed to investigate the state, trait, separation anxiety, and sleep disturbances in the children of health professionals in the first and third waves of the pandemic.
METHODS: 33 children of health professionals and 42 children whose parents were not health professionals were included in the study. Sociodemographic data form, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale-Child Version (SAAS- C), The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) were used for assessment each for the first and third waves of the pandemic.
RESULTS: The state, trait anxiety, and SAAS-C scores of the children of health professionals were higher than the control group in the first wave of the pandemic, state anxiety and SAAS-C scores were still higher than controls in the third wave. Positive correlations were found between the STAI and SAAS- C scores with the working hours of mothers in the pandemic. State anxiety, and SAAS-C scores were higher in children of healthcare workers with a history of COVID-19.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: STAI and SAAS-C scores were found to be higher in the children of health professionals compared to the control group in the first and third wave of the pandemic. There was no effect being children of healthcare workers on SDSC scores. Anxiety levels were related to the time the mother worked during the pandemic and the parent's history of COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: Relapses are very common in Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders (ASUD). Although traumatic experiences are more common in patients with ASUD than in the normal population, its relationship with relapses has not been adequately studied.
METHODS: Fifty-one patients who were hospitalized diagnosed with ASUD according to DSM 5 were included in the study. Sociodemographic Data Form, Impact Of Events Scale-R (IES-R), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Dissociative Experiences Scale(DES), Addiction Profile Index (API), The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale(SOCRATES) and Traumatic Experiences Checklist(TEC) were applied during their hospitalization. Patients were evaluated for relapse in the 6th month after discharge.
RESULTS: Relapse was observed in 60.8% of the participants. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups with and without relapse in terms of previous psychiatric treatment, number of traumatic events and severity, neglect, emotional and physical abuse, HAM-A and DES scores (p˂0.05). In the logistic regression analysis, it was found that not having previously applied for psychiatric treatment significantly predicted early relapses.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: According to the study results, the previous psychiatric treatment seems to be associated with lower relapse rates. In contrast, traumatic experiences, anxiety, and dissociative symptoms seem to be associated with higher relapse rates.

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease and a global health problem. Inadequate glycemic control and diabetes self-management can cause many secondary diseases. There are few studies on the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and type 2 DM. Our study compares adult and childhood ADHD symptoms and signs and impulsivity in type 2 DM patients and healthy controls.
METHODS: In this case-control study, data were collected voluntarily. The study was carried out with a total of 200 participants, including 100 people in both the Type 2 diabetes group and the healthy control group. The Barratt Impulsivity Scale version 11 (BIS-11), Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS) and demographic information form were applied to the participants and compared between the groups.
RESULTS: The mean ASRS attention score, ASRS hyperactivity score, ASRS total score, WURS total score, BIS total score of the type 2 DM group were significantly higher than the control group. Moreover, the probability of ADHD was evaluated using the cut-off scores in the ASRS and WURS scales, and it was detected in significantly more people in the type 2 DM group.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity symptoms are more common in type 2 DM patients than controls. Evaluation of these symptoms may be beneficial in the self-management of diabetes and in improving glycemic control.