INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study is to investigate how social media addiction affects orthorexia nervosa through obsessive compulsive symptoms. The mediator role of obsessive compulsive symptoms in the relationship between social media addiction and orthorexia nervosa was examined.
METHODS: Participants consisted of 268 female and 53 male undergraduate students, totalling 321. The age of participants ranged between 18 and 30, and mean age is 21.78±2.29. Personal information form, social media addiction scale, Padua inventory and Ortho-11 were administered to the participants. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis conducted in SPSS 24 and mediation analysis was performed by Process plug-in with model 4.
RESULTS: Results of the study revealed that there is a significant positive relationship between orthorexia nervosa tendency and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Also, there is a positive correlation between social media addiction and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The findings of mediation analysis showed that social media addiction increases an individual's orthorexia nervosa tendency through obsessive compulsive symptoms. The findings indicate that obsessive-compulsive symptoms significantly mediate the relationship between social media addiction and orthorexia nervosa.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study suggests that social media addiction indirectly influences orthorexic tendencies through the development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, highlighting the importance of addressing both social media use and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in interventions.

INTRODUCTION: There is stigma and a lack of information about individuals with mental illness among primary health care providers worldwide. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a brief online training program on the mental health literacy, beliefs, and attitudes of family health workers who provide primary health care services.
METHODS: This study has a two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled design. The study involves 252 individuals who were randomly assigned to different groups. By the end of the study, 82 individuals in the intervention group and 89 individuals in the control group participated in the evaluation. Measurements: Evaluations were performed twice for both groups via pre-tests and post-tests after 3 months of follow-up following the training. The assessment utilized the Mental Health Literacy, Beliefs About Mental Illnesses, and Community Attitudes Towards Mental Illness Scales. The intervention tool of the study is mental health literacy training designed for family health workers who provide primary care services and implemented online.
RESULTS: Data from 171 family health workers were analyzed. The mental health literacy, belief, and attitude scale scores of the participating family health workers were found to be at a moderate level. The educational intervention significantly improved mental health knowledge (p=0.029) and goodwill scores (p=0.007) in the intervention group, while reducing the perception of danger (p=0.044).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The level of post-graduation mental health training among family health workers is low, and a significant portion are unsure whether their duties include the provision of mental health services. Primary care family health workers could benefit from a brief online training program focused on mental health literacy.

INTRODUCTION: Refugees are often exposed to various traumatic experiences before, during, and after migration. Refugee aid workers may also be indirectly affected by these traumatic experiences. The present study aims to examine the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between early maladaptive schema domains and secondary traumatic stress in refugee aid workers.
METHODS: This correlational study included 116 participants from different institutions in Turkey, who participated voluntarily. The sample included 83 (71.6%) female and 33 (28.4%) male participants. Their age range was between 23 and 64 (M = 29.6, SD = 5.5). Data were collected using the Turkish versions of the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form Version 3 (YSQ-SF3), the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS).
RESULTS: The findings showed that self-compassion significantly mediated the relationship between disconnection and rejection [(b =.133, 95% BCA CI (.0605,.2199)], impaired autonomy and performance [(b =.087, 95% BCA CI (.0221,.1672)], other-directedness [(b =.247, 95% BCA CI (.1117,.3997)], and unrelenting standards schema domain [(b =.246, 95% BCA CI (.1031,.3830)] with secondary traumatic stress (STS). Self-compassion had a medium to large effect size on the relationship between each schema domain, except for Impaired Limits, and secondary traumatic stress in refugee aid workers.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These findings offer preventative insights into secondary traumatic stress, a common psychological issue among refugee aid workers. The results suggest that in-service training and interventions focused on self-compassion can help prevent secondary traumatic stress in these workers. Additionally, schema therapy may be an effective intervention for aid workers struggling with secondary traumatic stress.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate the association between the existence of an anxiety disorder (AD) diagnosis in adolescents and social cognition skills such as emotion recognition, empathy and social responsiveness and to compare the results with healthy control group (CG). The second aim of study was to compare the factors affecting social cognition skills in adolescents with ADs with CG.
METHODS: Psychiatric assessments and diagnoses were evaluated by clinical interview based on DSM-5 and Kiddie-schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia-present and lifetime version-Turkish Adaptation(K-SADS-PL-T). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised(WISC-R) and Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy (DANVA) was applied to the participants. Sociodemographic form, Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Griffith Empathy Measure(GEM), Strengths and Diffuculties Questionnaire(SDQ), KA-SI Empathic Tendency Scale (KA-SI ETS) were used.
RESULTS: 87 admissions in total were examined for our study. 58 (66.6 %) of the admissions were cases with AD and 29 (33.3%) were the control group. AD group consisted of 34 female adolescents (58.6 %), whereas control group consisted of 17 female adolescents (58.6 %). The average age was 14.06±2.12 (years) and 13.51±2.23 (years), respectively. The adolescents with AD had significantly higher social responsiveness problem scores than the CG after adjusting hyperactivity levels but no difference was found between the two groups in terms of empathy level and emotion recognition. Hyperactivity, peer and social responsiveness problems were negatively correlated with cognitive empathy. In hierarchical regression analysis, hyperactivity symptoms had a positive relationship and cognitive empathy had a negative relationship social responsiveness problems. The significant relationship between AD status and social responsiveness did not continue when hyperactivity and cognitive empathy added to the regression analysis in step 2.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There has been a impairment in social responsiveness in the presence of the AD. It was found that this impairment occurs when anxiety disorder is accompanied by both hyperactivity and low cognitive empathy.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to examine whether the presence of Depersonalisation/Derealisation symptoms in individuals with panic disorder is associated with metacognitive differences, the frequency with which these individuals experience dissociative symptoms outside of attacks, and the relationship between metacognitions and the severity of panic disorder symptoms.
METHODS: The SCID-5 was utilized to assess the patient cohort, with the patient group diagnosed with panic disorder by the DSM-V diagnostic criteria. Patients exhibiting comorbid psychiatric disorders were excluded. Subsequently, the Panic Disorder Severity Scale was administered to the patient group, while the Metacognitions Scale-30 and the Dissociative Experiences Scale were administered to both the patient and control groups. The Panic Disorder Severity Scale, the Metacognition Questionnaire-30, and the Dissociative Experiences Scale were employed to assess the severity of panic disorder, evaluate metacognitive functions, and screen for dissociative symptoms.
RESULTS: The study included 58 panic disorder patients and 61 healthy volunteers. In patients with panic disorder, more elevated scores were got in the Metacognition Questionnaire-30, particularly in the subscales measuring the need to control thoughts and the perception of uncontrollability and danger. Patients demonstrated statistically significant more elevated scores on all scales of the Dissociative Experiences Scale. A statistically significant difference was observed in the DES subscales of depersonalization/derealization and absorption between the patient group with and without Depersonalisation/Derealisation manisfestation.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although patients with panic disorder exhibited metacognitive contrasts, no statistically significant difference was found between those with and without Depersonalisation/Derealisation. This suggests that the Cognitive Attentional Syndrome may be responsible for the onset of panic attacks. These patients tend to exhibit more severe symptoms. The use of metacognitive therapy may prove beneficial for patients exhibiting these symptoms who demonstrate a somewhat diminished response to conventional cognitive behavioral therapy.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to examine the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty in the relationship between fear of earthquake and sleep quality in individuals with direct or indirect earthquake experience.
METHODS: The relationships between the variables were examined using the basic mediation model.
RESULTS: In this study, fear of earthquake (β=.12**, 95% CI = [.03,.20], t=2.89, p<.01) and intolerance of uncertainty (β=.12***, 95% CI = [.06,.17], t=4.20, p<.001) had a positive and significant effect on insomnia complaints and sleep quality.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the increase in insomnia complaints and sleep quality problems in individuals with earthquake experience may be related to the increase in earthquake fear and intolerance of uncertainty.

Electroconvulsive therapy has been used safely for many years, especially in treatment resistant schizophrenia. Studies to date have identified nausea, headache, myalgia, amnesia and confusion as common side effects associated with electroconvulsive therapy. In recent years, there have been case reports of transient, benign and generally paracetamol-responsive fever following electroconvulsive therapy. This article presents in detail the fever reactions observed after electroconvulsive therapy sessions in an 18-year-old case of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. After excluding life-threatening conditions in the patient, the identified risk factors and possible underlying mechanisms, it has been concluded that transient benign febrile reactions were associated with electroconvulsive therapy.

Long-acting aripiprazole is used in the acute treatment of bipolar affective disorder (BAD) and schizophrenia as well as in maintenance treatment. There are few data on the use of long-acting aripiprazole initial double dose in BAD. Factors such as frequent hospitalizations, recurrent attacks, aggression, comorbid substance use, lack of insight, and poor medication compliance are influental in the choice of long-acting antipsychotics. Aripiprazole initial double dose may be a safe and effective option in patients with BAD. In this study, we will present 3 cases who were involuntarily hospitalized with BAB manic episode and treated with long-acting aripiprazole two-injection start regimen and review the literature on this subject.