The aim of this study is to compare the psychiatric disorder loading in the first degree relatives of adolescent onset versus adult onset bipolar affective disorder patients. The study sample consisted of 60 adolescent-onset and 60 adult- onset, DSM-IV bipolar affective disorder inpatients and their 198 first degree biologic relatives (parent, sibling, children). All patients have been assessed by sociodemographic form. Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS); relatives of patients have been assessed by Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria (FHDRC). The rate of psychiatric disorder in relatives of adolescent-onset group was %30, whereas the rate in relatives of adult-onset group was %12.7. Among the psychiatric disorders, the rate of the bipolar affective disorder in relatives of adolescent-onset group (%18.4) was statistically significantly higher than adult- onset group (%7.4). We concluded that adolescent-onset bipolar afective disorder may be genetically more homogenious and more severe sub-type than adult-onset.

Psychiatric Symptoms and Disability in Mothers of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Primary Enuresis Noctuma Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and primary monosymptomatic enuresis noctuma (PEN) are very common disorders among children, and parents consider them as significant problems. The aim of this study was to determine psychiatric symptoms and social, family/home disability in mothers of the children with ADHD and PEN. 50 mothers of children with ADHD (group 1), and 43 mothers of children with PEN (group 2) were served as patients groups. The control group was conducted by 34 mothers of children without ADHD and PEN (group 3). SCL-90-R checklist was administered to the mothers in all groups. In addition, disability scale (social and family/home) was administered to the mothers in group I and 2. There were no significantly differences in SCL-90-R checklist among groups (p > .05). Although there was not any difference in family/home disability, social disability was higher in group I than group 2 (p=.031). Further studies are needed to explore the psychiatric symptoms in mothers of PEN and ADHD.

The unexpressed genetic liability to schizophrenia namely schizo-typy is a moderate clinical entity without the fiili manifestations of schizophrenia. It has common pathophysiological features with schizophrenia. The degree of schizotypy has to be evaluated by standard measures in the studies examining the electro- physioloğcal and neuropsychological features and genetic background of schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder. The diagnostic instrument Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History includes Schizotypal Personality Characteristics Subscale which provides evaluation of the schizotypal features by eleven items in a short interview. In this study we aimed to examine the inter-rater reliability of the Turkish version of this subscale. Patients with schizophrenia and first degree relatives of schizophrenic patients (N=42) were rated by two experienced psychiatrists in joint interviews to assess schizotypy scores. Inter-rater reliability was found to be 0.98 for the total score and it ranged from 0.72 to 1.00 (K values) for each item. These findings demonstrate that the Turkish version of Schizotypal Personality Characteristics Subscale is a reliable instrument in schizophrenic patients and the first degree relatives.

Mental symptoms are frequently seen in hyperprolactinemic patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of bromocriptine treatment on depression and quality of life in patients with hyperprolactinemia. Sixteen female hyperprolactinemic patients who applied to the endocrinology department of Marmara University Medical School has been included into the study after the other systemic diseases have been excluded. The bromocriptine doses of the patients have been adjusted in a way that the blood levels of pro- lactine was kept below 20 ng/dl. At the beginning of the study the patients were asked to complete Beck Depression Scale, SCL- 90-R Symptom Check List and SF-36 Quality of Life Inventory. The scales have been re-applied two months after the blood prolactin levels decreased to normal levels. A statistically significant decrease in the scores of the Beck Depression Scale has been determined with bromocriptine treatment which showed mild to moderate depression initially (p=0.0006). This decrease has also been found to be correlated with the reduction of serum prolactin levels (r=0.43, p=0.04). No statistically significant decrease has been found with treatment according to the scores of SCL-90-R Symptom Check List and SF-36 Quality of Life Inventory. There are some studies notifying that bromocriptine treatment significantly decreases the severity of the depressive symptoms of 147 TOPÇUOĞLU y BİÇER D, YAVUZ DG, GIMZAL A DEYNELİ O, AKALIN S. hyperprolactinemic patients. The results of our study were in line with these studies.

Obesity is described that excessive fat deposition in the body.Obesity is known to cause several physical and psychological problems. A high anxiety and depression level have been reported in studies with obese patients. In this study we aim to investigate psychiatric diagnosis, levels of depression and anxiety in the fifty three obese patients. The patients were assesed using of the semistructured clinical interview form for examine sociodemographic variables, structured clinic interview for DSM-IV/clinic version (SCID-I/CV), Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HARS) and Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS). The patients have 81.3% major depressive disorder, 71.7% major depressive episode in last month, 22.6% social phobia, 5.7% generalized anxiety disorder, 3.8% obsessive compulsive disorder, 5.8% alcohol dependence and 17% nicotine dependence were found. Patients mean HDRS and HARS scores were respectively 15.9±7.23 and I7.85±9.28. In this study, it was demonstrated that major depressive disorder and social phobia are common psychiatric disorders in the obese patients.

Chronic renal failure causes psychiatric problems and impairs quality of life. Aim of this study is to investigate the effect of citalopram treatment on the quality of life of chronic renal failure patients with depression who followed in outpatient clinic of nephrology. Patients on hemodialysis treatment have been enrolled into this study. Patients have been evaluated for the presence of depression and patients diagnosed as Major Depressive Disorder have been put on citalopram treatment for 8 weeks. The effects of treatment on the outcome of depressive symptoms and quality of life have been assessed. Totally 78 patients, of whom 22 (28.2%) had depression, were enrolled into the study. Mean Beck Depression Scale score decreased from 45.2 to 35.3 at the end of 8 weeks' duration of citalopram treatment. In the same period, mean Hamilton Depression score decreased from 21.2 to 13.5. Some SF-36 subscales (pain, general health, vitality, social functioning and mental health subscales) showed considerable decreases with 8 weeks' citalopram treatment. It has been observed that although depression is quite prevalent in chronic renal failure, patients were not consulted to psychiatrist. It has been concluded that these patients should be examined without being consulted, within the principles of consultation-liaison psychiatry.

Therapeutic alliance is a collaborative relationship between the patient and the therapist aiming to facilitate the work of psychotherapy. Clinician's skill for establishing therapeutic alliance consists of recognizing, distinguishing the problems/symptoms and considering the most helpjul treatment with the patient. The aim of this case report is to discuss the therapeutic alliance in a Dr., ** Doç. Dr, Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, İZMİR situation which the patient does not complain despite severe domestic violence and additionally to address the dynamics of the patient. The therapeutic alliance and psychoanalytically-oriented therapeutic techniques facilitated the patient to gradually recognize her problems and seek solutions.

Interferon-alfa (IF-a) bacterially synthesized agent with antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory properties. IF-a has been approved for the treatment of the several types of cancer (leukemia, lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma and melanoma) and of chronic hepatitis. Yrd. Doç. Dr., ** Dr., *** Prof. Dr, Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, ADANA Usually causing flu like symptoms, IF-a has more serious adverse effects related to the central nervous system, including a spectrum of psychiatric side effects, such as anxiety, depression, irritability, psychosis, delirium, mania, demantia and suicide. Adverse psychiatric side effects are related to dose. They are usually reversable, though sometimes may be persistant. In this paper we presented the case of induced IF-a psychotic symptomps in a women with chronic hepatitis C after the administration of standart dose of IF- a. C

In this study, two married couples were offered that men in couples have complaints related with sexual desire and erection with coital failure, and all previous treatments failed. First couple: man is 33 years old and woman is 32 years old. They have been married for six years, problem has begun after their marriage. Firstly, they went to urology department in the hospital and then the treatment that had focused man's sexual dysfunction and continued for half and a year failed. Thereafter their relation had gone bad and they had been very often discussing. Second couple: man is 46 years old and woman is 38 years old. They have been married for 14 years and their problem has begun at same time with their marriage. They have been made an effort to improve but failed since the time of onset. After the evaluation, unconsummated marriage was thought in both of two cases as proper diagnose. Both cases were improved after sexual therapy. Not only individual evaluation, but also relation dynamics and detailed history of the couples must be investigated in unconsummated marriage. Therapy should be comprise each partner in such cases.