Studies on clinical samples have shown that performance on Serial Digit Learning Test (SDLT) is dependent on mesial temporal lobe and hippocampus, both of which are responsible from learning and its consolidation. However, an effective SDLT performance also requires such processes as utilisation of various cognitive strategies, temporal ordering of events and control of interfering effects; all of these processes are among the functions of the frontal lobes. This study tests the hypothesis that SDLT performance is also related to the frontal lobes. The study was conducted on four healthy, right-handed, volunteer male subjects who were exposed to the conditions of the experiment more that once for control purposes. For functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRl), the "motor-SDLT1 paradigm that had been developed in the present study were applied at 1.0 T magnetic environment, using single-shot gradient-echo echo planar imaging. Also developed in the study were fMRl recording and analysis techniques that application of the specified paradigm required. SDLT correlated activations were encountered in all subjects in frontal lobe, especially distinct at the right orbital frontal gyrus; these activations were mapped to Brodmann's 9, 10, and 11. areas. Brodmann's 11. area was found to be specifically correlated with the recall phase of the task. These prelimi-nary findings supported the research hypothesis which stated that SDLT performance affects frontal lobe activation. The findings that were obtained from clinical samples on the serial learning curve were also found to be consistent with the findings of this study. Previous studies where various mapping techniques were utilised could not obtain similar findings. Such findings were discussed within the scope that in these studies, appropriate techniques that would specifically reveal frontal activation had not been utilised.

Alcohol and substance misuse is become a social problem in Turkey in last few years. The enormous and adverse impact of chemical misuse in adolescents and adults is well known to clin-icians in medical and mental health settings. The importance of screening in adolescents and adults for chemical misuse is obvious. MacAndrew reported on the development of a new Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale (SAP) from MMPI. He described it “as a psychometric instrument for the early detection of problem engendering alcohol and drug use in young men. In these article the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC) and Substance Abuse Proclivity Scale (SAP) is given to 650 males. The group consisted of substance misuse, alcoholics, psychiatric outpatients and normal. Test retest reliability, concurrent and discriminate validity is examined. Analysis demonstrated that this scale could be used to determine substance misuse in males.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are widely used in many psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, eating disorders, impulse control disorders. The number of adverse effect reports relevant to SSRI that has not been defined during short-term drug efficacy studies started to increase in parallel to widespread usage ofSSRI's. An important phenomenon among these adverse effects is SSRI discontinuation syndrome, which occurs following the interruption of an extended period ofSSRI's and associated with somatic and psychological symptoms. Discontinuation symptoms are characteristic symptoms that follow termination or reduction in drug dosage, are self-limiting, reversed by re-introducing the drug and which can not be explained as a re-appearance of the disorder for which the drug was prescribed. Literature concerning the SSRI discontinuation syndrome consists mainly of case reports and a limited number of controlled prospective studies. In this article, the frequency, clinical features, etiology and pathophysiology, treatment of SSRI discontinuation syndrome and management methods for avoiding this syndrome are explained in detail.

The aim of our study was to search the relation between burnout, job satisfaction and life satisfaction in physicians working at Malatya. Data were collected from 384 physicians. The questionnaire consisted of a Sociodemographic Data Form, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Job Satisfaction Inventory (JSlj and the Life Satisfaction Inventory (LSI). The importance of the difference between two means test, one way variance analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were applied. Mean life satisfaction: 20.0+6.6, job satisfaction: 37.7+9.4 MBI-Emotional exhaustion: 14.06+6.05, MBI-depersonaliza- tion: 5.31+3.12, MBI-personal accomplishment: 20.57+4.23. Statistically significant associations: LSI/social and demographic variables: greater in women, married, having extra work related with medicine, believing salary is enough. LSI/Age: greater more than 40, LSI/Academic career: greater in academician and specialist than practitioner. LSI points were correlated with MBI- depersonalization, MBI-Emotional exhaustion negatively, and MBI-personal accomplishment, job satisfaction positively. The more education, enhancing communication and management skills, and the more effective coping mechanisms, the more physical exercises; the less burnout, and the more life and job satisfaction.

Psychosocial Skills Training is a program which was designed for schizophrenic patients to help them cope with the illness, to increase the treatment compliance and the quality of life when added to pharmacotherapy in the treatment of schizophrenia. Communication skills, problem solving skills, psychosis and antipsychotic drug treatment, assesment and monitoring of the treatment, coping with the drug side effects, recognize the early signs and persistent symptoms and coping with them, avoiding the alcohol and street drugs, and increasing social and recreational activities are included in this program. Introducing the general knowledge about the subject, role playing, problems and solutions, exercises and homework assignments are used to get the patients have some needed skills.

Thanks to the use of antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia in the second half of the 20th century, a majority of the schizophrenia patient have been able to lead their lives in society instead of hospitals. The first drug proved to be superior from the traditional antipsychotics is "Clozapine". Atypical antipsychotics have obtained the improvement at cognitive abilities and negative symptoms without leading to extrapyramidal symptoms. Using clozapine at practice has become a resource at optimizing effectiveness in the treatment of schizophrenia, improving quality of life in patients with schizophrenia, develop-ing novel atypical antipsychotics and illuminating the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

This article aims to show that schizophrenic people just as non schizophrenics are also quite capable of producing art and artistic creations. It also disusses the similarities and differences between the artistic productions of artists and psychotic patients.

The neuroleptic malignant syndrome is clinically characterised by the presence of severe muscular rigidity, altered consciousness, hyperthermia and autonomic dysfunction. It’s an uncommon but occasionally fatal reaction to antipsychotic medication. In this pape, two neuroleptic malignant syndrome with mental retardation were discussed. This syndrome is thoughted to be more frequent among brain damaged patients.