Objectives: This research has been carried out to examine the relationship between type-A behavior pattern, and trait anger and expression of anger, as well to find out whether these two variables differentiate in terms of gender. Method: The study was conducted in 158 students (79 female, 79 male) from different departments of schools at Gazi University, whose ages differed from 18 to 23 (20.5±2.4). Jenkins Activity Scale was used to measure the type-A behavior pattern, while State-Trait Anger Inventory and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory were used to determine different facets of anger. Results: The analysis showed a significant relationship (pc.05) between type-A behavior pattern and trait anger. While there was no difference between genders in terms of type-A behavior pattern, female students received higher scores for trait anger and anger than male participants. Conclusion: There was no difference between students' anger-in scores and type-A behavior pattern, but we found that type-A behavior pattern was related with anger-out, and that was an important fact in showing the influence of type-A behavior pattern on expression of anger. We also found that the scores of female students for anger-in and expression of anger were higher than those of male students. These findings may suggest that female students do not express their anger though they experience persistent anger. This difference between genders is important in emphasizing the role of personality formation in anger control and anger expression.

Objectives: Bruxism is accepted as a parasomnia and temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) causes temporomandibular movement disability, muscle and joint tenderness and pain which can be related to bruxism.Both temporormandibular joint disorder and bruxism are reported to be comorbid with psychiatric pathologies. Especially anxiety is a risk factor for bruxism. For this reason, we aimed to evaluate depression and anxiety in patients with temporomandibular joint disorder who also have bruxism and control patients who had no TMD or bruxism, attended to Dumlupinar University Medical Faculty Dental Clinic. Method: For our study we took 30 temporomandibular disorder patients who had also bruxism and 30 controls without temporomandibular disorder or bruxism subsequently and they were given Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Scale. The results were statistically analized. Results: At the end of our study, we did not find any statistically significant difference between TMD/bruxism and control groups according to depression and anxiety scores which were evaluated by Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Scale (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was no difference between TMD/bruxism and controls according to depression and anxiety. Despite our expectations, finding no relation between TMD/bruxism and control groups underlines the importance of evaluating this relation cautiously in the context of the belief that TMD and bruxism are the consequences of psychiatric problems, so according to our results is important for not taking all bruxing patients as related to psychological factors.

Objectives: The prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus in patients with schizophrenia has been reported to be two or four times greater than general population. Besides, schizophrenia and elevated prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been reported in several other psychiatric disorders such as schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder and major depression. There are many studies about comorbidity of diabetes and dyslipidemia in schizophrenic patients compared to bipolar patients. However, there are only few studies releated with diabetes and dyslipidemia comorbidity in both groups. In this study, our aim was to compare the glucose and lipid methabolism in schizophrenic and bipolar patients who were hospitalized. Method: 253 schizophrenic patients and 339 bipolar I patients who have been hospitalized at least twice between June 2006 and May 2007 were evaluated retrospectively. The diagnosis of diabetes and dyslipidemia were compared. Results: Higher diabetes and impaired fasting glucose prevalance, higher triglis- erids, lower HDL levels were found in bipolar group; total cholesterol and LDL levels were higher in patients with schizophrenia. But there was no statistical significance between groups. Conclusion: The medical risk, because of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia comorbidity, is similar in bipolar patients compared to schizophrenic patients. New studies are needed for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. The results of studies should be considered while choosing the psychiatric medication.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the "level of misinterpretations and stigmatization on attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism" (stigma) in elementary school teachers and parents of children who admitted to child psychiatry out-patient clinics. Method: This study was carried out in the child and adolescent psychiatry clinics of seven university hospitals from each geographical regions of Turkey. Parents (n: 666) and teachers (n: 453) were given the questionnaires on ADHD and autism, which were developed by the authors to assess the STIGMA. Results: The level of stigmatization on ADHD was significantly correlated with the level of stigmatization on autism (r: .37, p<0.001) and with the level of misinterpretation on ADHD (r: .25, pcO.OOI) among teachers and parents. STIGMA was significantly higher among teachers, in eastern provinces and in parents with lower education level. More than half of the teachers denoted that the medication used for ADHD would have serious side effects and even with treatment ADHD would not sufficiently improve, and the children diagnosed with ADHD or autism should be trained at separate classes. Conclusion: The results suggest that the misinterpretations and stigmatization on ADHD and autism are more prevalent as the source, components and the level of information are not reliable. The parents and teachers may benefit from structured educative programs in order to get rid of wrong assumptions and stigma.

Objectives: This study was conducted descriptively, with the aim of investigating the anxiety and depression levels of some in-patients in general clinics in terms of some diagnostic groups. Method: The sample group of this study comprised of 247 volunteered in-patients in various clinics in a university research hospital. The data was obtained by means of "Personal Information Form" and "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale". The minimum threshold of anxiety sub-scale was "10/11", and depression sub-scale was "7/8". Frequency Distribution, ANOVA were used to evaluate data. Results: The patient's mean age was 50.87±17.22, 59.5% was male, 74.9% was married, and 79.3% had elementary school level education. According to HAD-D scores, 38.1% of the patients were experiencing depression. According to HAD-A scores, 18.6% of the patients was experiencing severe anxiety. As a whole, the patients in all diagnostic groups had high levels of anxiety and depression. Yet, all patients with cancer were experiencing depression. Conclusion: The patients within the category of various diagnostic groups were experiencing severe anxiety. All patients with cancer were experiencing depression and the patients within all diagnostic groups had the risk of developing depression.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be especially severe and long lasting when the stressor is man made. Terrorism is a type of warfare designed to have maximum psychological impact on a population. Terrorist attacks are associated with high rates of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Estimates of the prevalence of PTSD after terrorist attacks range from 7,5% to 50% in the year after the event depending on the degree of victimization. Studies of risk factors for PTSD have consistently implicated female gender, minority ethnicity, lack of education, and to a lesser extent, younger age, history of psychiatric treatment and traumatic events. Studies have explored various factors linked with the risk of terrorism-related symptoms and diagnosis of PTSD. Although studies that explore psychologic reactivity in victims of terrorism are lacking, partly because of the difficulty of gaining access to sufficient numbers of survivors who were exposed to the events, some clinical psychiatric studies have provided descriptions of the mental and psychological consequences of terrorism. Yet, little is known about the prevalence of the long-term physical and psychological consequences of terrorist attacks on survivors. Although Turkey is a country that has experienced terrorist attacks in its recent past and Turkey is at risk of experiencing similar attacks in the future due to her specific conditions, studies assessing the psychological effects of these attacks are lacking.